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本帖最后由 天意大叔 于 2016-8-3 11:58 编辑
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">山区学生心理:</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">边远山区高中生中有</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 6. 3%</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的人有比较严重的心理问题</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">; </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">男女高中生的心理健康状况基本良好</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">; </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">男女高中生在学习焦虑和恐怖倾向方面有非常显著的差异</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">女生的焦虑水平明显高于男生</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(P< 0. 001), </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">女生对人焦虑和身体症状焦虑水平高于男生</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(P< 0. 05), </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">男生孤独倾向水平高于女生</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在其他方面无显著差异。结论 边远山区高中生的心理健康状况基本良好</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">; </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">总体水平比城市低</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">男生与女生在个别分量表上有显著差异。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">男生在这一阶段兴趣更广泛</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">也较容易满足</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">而女生则不同。由于边远山区大多数的家长文化程度普遍较低</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">对子女的要求较简单</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">只要学习好别惹事就行。他们意识到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">为了改变家庭经济困难的现状</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">让子女过的更好</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">只有通过让孩子读书</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">考大学找好工作</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">来改变困难的局面</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">时常教育孩子在生活上勤俭节约</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在学习中勤奋努力</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">体现了对子女的希望</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这也正是边远山区的贫困生在校遵纪守法、勤奋好学的动力。所以学生会因为失败而自责。由于山区经济落后</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">人们的观念比较保守</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重男轻女的思想还比较严重</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">所以对女孩的教育不重视</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">女生面临着随时都辍学的可能</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">为了改变自己的现状</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">女生学习更努力</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">对学习的焦虑也更高。学校给学生的影响是全面深刻的</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">学校的教育目标、教育方式以及校风等对学生的心理健康有重要的影响</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">高中是一个特殊的时期</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在这一阶段</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">学校片面追求升学率</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">导致学生的学习负担重。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">贫困大学生中自卑,焦虑,抑郁,性格孤僻,人际关系紧张等心理问题相对比较突出,且已对其学习,生活等造成了严重影响。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">边远山区学生厌学倾向的原因</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">主要包括:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)家庭教养方式不当:地处偏远山区,经济的滞后导致村民观念的陈腐,加之所受教育水平有限,在家庭教育中缺乏科学正确的教养方式。或溺爱有加或置之不理,完全托付给学校。孩子有了问题,动辄就是打骂,训斥,简单,粗暴的管教方式很容易给孩子带来不良影响,形成逆反心理;有的家长望子成龙心切,又不切合实际,只注重分数,不能给孩子创造宽松和谐的家庭气氛,导致学生没有远大崇高理想,学习动机不恰当,对学习缺乏浓厚兴趣。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)学校因素:这一因素最主要来自:一方面,教师教育教学观念陈旧,方法单一。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">虽然在教育改革形势下,教师对教学有了新认识,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">但是在实际教学中,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">还只是停留在表面,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">形式化,不能真正吸引学生,</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">导致学生对学习失去兴趣;另一方面,师生关系紧张。初中生在自我意识发展中,很重要的一部分依赖于别人对自己的评价,尤其是老师和同学的评价</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。由于某些原因,师生关系紧张,不能融洽相处,使学生上这门课带有偏见,甚至牺牲自己学习这门课来显示与老师的对抗。长期恶性循环,导致学生对这门课产生厌学倾向。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)社会因素:当前一些不良的社会风气侵蚀校园。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">拜金主义,享乐主义倾向,读书无用论等助长了学生厌学倾向。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)学生个体自身心理因素:一方面,智力因素。由于某方面认知障碍或者智力欠佳,虽然努力了,但是成绩不理想,长期受到打击,失败,对自己丧失了信心;另一方面,情绪不稳定。没有良好的个性品质,凭心情学习也是导致学生出现厌学倾向的一个不可忽视的诱因。</span></p>
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